Throwing cylinders on the pottery wheel is a fundamental skill in ceramic art. Whether you are new to pottery or looking to refine your techniques, mastering this core shape is essential. The ability to create sturdy, well-proportioned cylinders opens the door to a variety of other forms, from mugs to vases.
To begin, you need to gather your materials and properly mount the clay to the wheel. By centering the clay accurately, you set the foundation for a successful piece. Using the right hand positions and consistent pressure will help you shape the clay into a smooth cylinder.
Patience and practice are key as you refine your technique. Becoming proficient with the pottery wheel can be a rewarding experience, enhancing both your skills and your appreciation for ceramics.
Setting Up Your Work Area
To throw a cylinder on the pottery wheel successfully, you need to have a well-organized work area. This includes having the right equipment and ensuring the clay is properly prepared.
Selecting Your Equipment
First, make sure you have a reliable potter’s wheel. It’s essential that the wheel spins smoothly and steadily. You’ll also need water containers for moistening your hands and the clay.
Tools like wooden ribs, wire cutters, and needle tools are essential. Wooden ribs help shape the cylinder, while needle tools are perfect for cutting and refining details. Keep a towel and sponge handy for cleaning and moistening.
For beginners, it’s wise to use a splash pan to catch excess water and clay. It keeps your area tidy and makes cleanup easier.
Preparing the Clay
Start by wedging your clay. This process removes air bubbles and ensures a uniform texture. Knead the clay thoroughly until it feels consistent and smooth.
Once wedged, shape the clay into a ball. This makes it easier to center on the wheel. Centering is crucial; uneven clay leads to unstable forms. Use firm, even pressure when placing the clay on the wheel.
Keep a small bowl of water and a sponge nearby. Wetting your hands and the clay as you work makes it pliable and reduces friction. Prepared clay and the right tools set the foundation for creating a successful cylinder.
Wheel Throwing Basics
Mastering wheel throwing involves steps like centering the clay, opening the well, and pulling the walls. These are essential techniques for creating stable and aesthetically pleasing pottery.
Centering the Clay
First, ensure your wheel is clean and your tools are ready. Place a ball of clay at the center of the wheel.
Wet your hands and the clay with water. Use the pressure from your palms to push the clay into the center while the wheel spins. Try to create a cone shape and then flatten it back down.
Repeat this process to achieve a perfectly centered ball of clay. You may use a sponge to keep the clay wet and smooth.
Opening the Well
After centering, the next step is opening the well. This involves creating the initial hollow in the clay.
Position your hands so that your thumbs press into the center of the clay. Keep the wheel spinning at a steady speed and use water to keep the clay slippery.
Push down into the clay to create a deep hole but be cautious not to go too deep and pierce the bottom. The well’s diameter should be wide enough to fit your fingers comfortably.
Pulling the Walls
With the well opened, you can now pull the walls up to form the cylinder.
Using the tips of your fingers, start at the bottom of the well and gently pull the clay upward. Apply even pressure as you pull, keeping your hands steady.
Use a sponge to keep the clay moist. This will help prevent cracks. Perform several passes to gradually increase the height of the cylinder.
Maintain consistent thickness in the walls to prevent collapsing.
Shaping and Trimming
Proper shaping and trimming techniques are essential for achieving well-formed cylinders. Here we discuss key steps to create consistent shapes and how to trim the foot for a polished look.
Creating Consistent Cylinders
Start by throwing the cylinder evenly. This means applying equal pressure with both hands. Use your fingers to pull up the clay walls while maintaining a steady, even thickness.
Focus on maintaining a uniform shape by regularly checking the height and width. Regular practice helps to develop muscle memory. Consistent pressure and controlled movements are crucial.
Use a rib tool to smooth the surface. It helps in refining the shape and removing excess water. A more even wall thickness results in fewer distortions and better structural integrity.
Trimming the Foot
Once the cylinder dries to a leather-hard state, it’s ready for trimming. Use a needle tool to score a guideline at the base. This helps you know where to trim.
Place the piece upside down on the wheel and center it. Slowly start trimming away excess clay using a wire-cutting tool. Make sure to keep the wheel at a moderate speed.
Trim the foot for a clean finish. Be careful to not trim too much, as it can weaken the structure. Use a rib tool for final touches, ensuring smooth and even surfaces.
Drying and Firing Process
When your clay cylinder is shaped, it needs to dry properly before firing. Both the drying process and the bisque firing are crucial for achieving a strong, durable piece.
Drying Techniques
Before firing, your cylinder must completely dry. Moisture in the clay can cause cracks or explosions during firing. Dry your piece slowly to avoid these issues. Cover it loosely with plastic to let it dry evenly.
Art centers like those with Brent wheels often provide controlled space for drying. Turn the plastic periodically to ensure all parts of the ceramic dry at a similar rate. Check daily for dryness, which can take several days depending on the piece’s size and thickness.
Bisque Firing
After the cylinder is bone-dry, it’s ready for bisque firing. This firing transforms the clay into a durable, semi-vitrified state. Place your piece in the kiln, ensuring space between items. Bisque firing typically occurs at low temperatures rising to about 1850°F (1000°C).
Different kilns, like those in art centers, have specific firing schedules. Follow these carefully. Firing too quickly can result in damage or cracks. Once the bisque firing is complete, and the kiln has cooled, inspect your cylinder. It should be porous yet firm, ready for glazing or further firing steps.